LOCAL CANDIDATES RESPOND TO CONSERVATION STRATEGY QUESTIONNAIRE

RESPONSES ARE GROUPED BY MUNICIPALITY  (COURTENAY, COMOX, CUMBERLAND and then RURAL AREAS)

City of Courtenay

Starr Winchester chose to provide one answer, rather than respond to each question individually.  Her response can be found after question 6.

Erik Eriksson, Jean Rowe, Manno Theos and Janice Gambacorta chose not to respond to the survey. If a reason was given for not responding, it is included after question 6.

Contact information for George Knox was unavailable, so we were unable to email him the questionnaire.

 I. LAND USE

Why it matters: As land is developed, the natural balance of water flow, drainage, soil type, tree cover and wildlife habitat is altered.  We must minimize the impacts on the ecosystems and their services that support all forms of life in the Valley.

What are the facts: From 1992 to 2002, 42% of the Comox Valley’s rare, sensitive areas were lost, reduced or fragmented. The CV Sustainability Strategy (CVSS), the Regional Growth Strategy (RGS), and the CVCS’s Nature Without Borders all urge change in the way we design our communities: increased densification, preservation of agricultural lands, and protection of sensitive ecosystems are recommended. Though all local governments endorse these plans, most development continues to take place on land in natural areas.

Question of Candidates: What will you do to stop and reverse the continuing loss and fragmentation of natural areas?

Greg Phelps: The adoption of the Regional Growth Strategy, while not perfect, will set out the ground rules for the protection of many of our natural areas, especially Agricultural Land Reserves as local food production/sustainability takes on new importance.  The regional district, through the Union of BC Municipalities, is also lobbying the provincial government for tax breaks for those who donate land for the protection of sensitive areas, or those who place covenants protecting them in perpetuity.  In the city itself, we are updating our Environment Development Permits.  The new requirements for background information will be even more stringent.  Many of us on council also attended a recent meeting where a plan was put forward to buy the Garry Oak eco system behind Vanier.  This is an exciting project and I look forward to the city’s participation in this process.  Maybe one day the “Valley” can also rally to support the purchase of the old Field Sawmill site.

Larry Jangula: Review the OCP with the purpose of establishing priority sites of higher density.  We need to develop from the centre outward and establish areas where development must not occur.   There is also an immediate need to review our zoning bylaws to ensure that they are relevant to current and future needs.  Any such review cannot be done on a singular basis.  Planning in this area has to be a cooperative function including all areas of the Comox Valley.

Bill Bate: The continuing loss and fragmentation of natural areas requires greater attention. The Regional Growth Strategy, the Sustainability Strategy, and Nature Without Borders are at the forefront of addressing this need; there must be greater opportunities to make them even more effective. We must also look to a greater densification and revitalization of our downtown core, enabling a larger number of citizens to live, work, and play without the necessity of getting behind the wheel. We must also work more closely with neighbouring communities to ensure we are more consistent in our approaches to preserving our natural assets.

Stuart MacInnis: As I’ve stated previously, I look at our community from the sense of “just because land can be developed, doesn’t mean it should be developed”. I think that a balance can be struck between development and the natural wonder that makes our community so remarkable.  Although our community is growing, I think a better job can be done on how land development is handled. There are many areas in Courtenay which I feel have been developed on when they shouldn’t have been, or that have been developed on in a manner which is for lack of a better way of putting it “unsightly”.  I think that the natural areas which make our community so special need to be protected, if we continue to develop these areas they was we have been, we will lose that which makes our area so beautiful, and that which is drawing people here in the first place.

Doug Kerr: New development has to be very carefully scrutinized. Too much of the Valley area has been sacrificed for tax revenue from business.

 Jon Ambler: I was involved in the creation of the RGS and pushed hard to get it approved. It identified and established the natural areas, sensitive ecosystems, the agricultural land reserve, so they are protected, and it identified where future settlements can go to avoid them. I remain committed to the provisions of the RGS. The City must densify: to avoid unnecessary expansion that eats up natural areas.

Norm Reynolds: I would act to involve the CVRD in a valley-wide consultation and zoning effort to protect agricultural lands and sensitive ecosystems giving high priority to the continuity of natural systems and their interdependencies. I would look to the work in Nanaimo in creating large belts of greenway that to protect natural systems and enhance the quality of life for the human population.

David Smith: Densification

John Van Egmond: Review the Regional Growth Strategy to incorporate a restriction or limits to the development of Specific natural/wildlife Habitat, wildlife corridors, water sheds, parks and agricultural reserves.

Bill Anglin: The RGS sets the framework for all land use in the Valley. By law the content of the RGS must be incorporated into the Cities OCP to ensure they are in line with the overarching content of the RGS. As a member of the Chamber of Commerce Advocacy group we worked hand in hand with Comox Valley Land Trust and worked hard to implement the Nature Without Borders priorities into the document. Reversing loss is a much harder target as it will primarily rely on the philanthropy of individuals to provide their property to reinstate the fragmented area.

Doug Hillian: Promote infill development and densification; insist that development include protection of sensitive areas; support and maintain the Agricultural Land Reserve; continue to promote restoration of the estuary and protection of streams and wetlands; resist applications for annexation without prior protection of natural features (e.g. Lannan Forest).

Mark Middleton: I will encourage and advocate for in fill type development, secondary suites and residential over commercial development.

Ronna-Rae Leonard: I support identifying and preserving the corridors identified in Nature without Borders. It is obvious from the mapping that, with the exception of large swaths around what appears to be the Ryan Road corridor, many of the most recently documented losses occurred outside the boundaries of Courtenay. This is probably in large part due to the earlier losses of natural areas in the urban setting. One loss, not shown on the map, was the green patch of Lannan Forest. Managing the urban fringe requires attention in this growing community and I am committed to working both within the city and with our neighbours to stop the losses.

I have been told we can’t bring back what is lost, but I do think we can let nature heal itself if we protect it. Dedication through land development and parkland purchase are two viable means of creating the corridors we need to ensure biodiversity.

Marcus Felgenhauer: Uphold the designated green spaces and corridors within the existing OCP as a minimum requirement or goal.  Continued improvement of alternative transportation means (bicycles, transit, walkways). Promote densification and infill development.  Look at the introduction of ‘full cost accounting’ measures

II. CLIMATE CHANGE

Why it matters: Climate change is resulting in rapid melting ice caps and glaciers, rising sea levels, more severe weather events, floods, droughts, and is altering life cycles of many species of terrestrial and marine wildlife.

What are the facts: The Comox Valley Sustainability Strategy set a clear goal of 33% reduction in 2007 GHG emissions by 2020, as mandated by the BC government, and an 80% reduction by 2050. The majority (55%) of GHG emissions in the Valley are caused by transportation. However, we continue to approve new developments that do not increase housing densities to levels that would support higher public transportation usage and few measures to reduce GHG emissions have been implemented.

Question of Candidates: What will you do to reduce GHG emissions and meet these targets?

Greg Phelps: First, I think it is important to say that I personally believe in climate change – old saying “It is a dirty bird that fouls its own nest”.   There is a new section in the city’s Official Community Plan – part 10 – Planning for Climate change (pgs 139-140).  The city also now employs two full time environmental planners who bring forward new initiatives to help us meet our goals.   The city has also implemented a new fleet management plan – this ensures that we are using the most cost effective vehicle for the job.  Public works has also undertaken an education program to reduce vehicle idling etc.

Larry Jangula: We need to move in the direction stated above in order to have any real opportunities to reduce transportation needs and thus GHGs.   Again, it is paramount that Courtenay cannot stand alone in this area and I feel that limiting efforts only to the Comox Valley is taking too narrow a view.  Goals and targets should be expanded to the provincial areas and beyond.  Goals/targets and financing should be forthcoming from both the Federal and Provincial levels.  All new government and municipal structures should be built to a LEEDS gold standard, if it is affordable.

Bill Bate: The revitalization of our downtown with an emphasis on making it more pedestrian/cycle friendly and accessible. Dedicated cycle lanes will readily signal that our community is actively taking measures to ensure sustainability and improve the quality of life. We have to signal that this is a core goal in our community; our first car-free day is a wee beginning in that regard. I’ve lived in and visited communities where these undertakings have been ongoing on a weekly basis for decades. 

Doug Kerr: I’m sorry I am not yet familiar with this.

Stuart MacInnis: There are a number of initiatives that can be taken to reduce our GHG emissions. Although they’re more expensive to purchase I think that many of the City work vehicles could be replaced with “hybrid” vehicles.  Tax credits can also be used as incentives for homeowners to install Solar panels to offset energy costs, as well as “solar reflective roofing”. I think that there are many small initiatives that when conglomerated together can make a sizeable impact on our GHG emissions.

 Jon Ambler: In order to reduce GHG emissions, in areas that fall within the City’s mandate, I will stay the course on the current Green Team Plan. Furthermore, ideas such as the “blue carbon” in the estuary and renovating the Lewis Centre to increase efficiency and reduce emissions will be supported by me. My voting record on approving increasing densification is clear and consistent. However, housing is built to suit market demand.

Norm Reynolds: I will work passionately to get a Citizens Task Force on Transportation for the Twenty-first century with an immediate emphasis on greatly vitalizing the  use of public transit which looks at usage and how we can take cars out of circulation (huge tax saving on infrastructure) by creating a bus service that meets the needs of residents. This includes transit friendly development, bus passes available to all businesses to give employees at greatly reduced cost to save them parking and save us all the auto-associated costs. This task force would also look at ways–routes, shelters and facilities to increase bicycle usage. I have proposed Sustainability Neighbourhoods that would encourage neighbours to talk (even a property tax incentive for neighbourhood leaders) to talk about neighbourhood sustainability—like ride sharing and even dietary tips which—I just read—can be one of the most significant paths to healthier people and greatly reduced GHGs.

David Smith: Bus route and vehicle review

John Van Egmond: My priority is to bring Plasco energy or a similar solution to the Valley to reclaim pigeon (mountain) Lake and protect our Water table from leaching garbage, stop abusing our planet with our waste and secure an alternative energy source.

Bill Anglin: The City has already signed on as a participant to Climate Action Charter and is mandated to reduce GHG emissions in accordance with the Act. City Staff has formulated a plan to effectively control our GHG emissions and continue to work hard finding alternative solutions to our GHG emissions.

Doug Hillian: The City must continue such positive steps as:

• investment in the retro-fitting of facilities like the outdoor pool, City Hall and the    upcoming  Lewis Centre;
  • the requirement that new development have transit access and incorporate pedestrian/cycling paths.
  • Promotion of infill, mixed use development within easy walking distance of amenities, such as Tessitura Flats.

In addition, we must actively promote alternative transportation including cycling and public transit. I currently have a motion before Council urging the Regional District and BC Transit to become more pro-active encouraging bus ridership, for example, instituting a Take the Bus to Work Week.

I’d also like to explore how we might encourage more local citizens to retro-fit their homes to become more energy efficient and reduce GHGs, including promoting additional incentives from senior government.

Mark Middleton: I think my answers to question 1 are applicable here too. As a council we can replace our city vehicles with green and hybrid types.

Ronna-Rae Leonard: I support the city’s plan to implement an inclusive sustainability committee to start the work of implementing the Sustainability Strategy. Education and engagement are key to begin the community work to meet our targets. I also support lobbying our senior governments to provide tangible support for this important work. We are all in this together.

The city has tools like the Tree Protection Bylaw and Water Balance Model. The crucial aspect of protecting biodiversity has been overshadowed in many ways, but the city is proposing more comprehensive environmental development permit guidelines, which begins to recognize natural systems in planning. It’s time to bring natural systems and biodiversity values out of the closet and into the forefront of our planning. It will save us all in the long run!

Marcus Felgenhauer: Look at ways to improve & promote alternative transportation and public transit. Ensure the safety of users of alternative transportation.  Education & awareness.

III. TRANSPORTATION

Why it matters: A low density sprawl pattern of land use that separates residential areas from commercial and business areas, along with limited public transit requires most Valley residents to rely on their cars to get around. Increased automobile use increases pollution, vehicle congestion and expensive road infrastructure costs.

What are the facts: Transportation causes 55% of GHG emissions in the Comox Valley. Many cyclists do not feel safe commuting around the Comox Valley due to a lack of safe bicycle routes. Many BC communities today are developing systems of walking and cycling routes. However, in the Comox Valley, few if any, examples of pedestrian and cycling friendly developments exist.

Question of Candidates: What will you do to reduce automobile use and develop a system of walking and cycling routes in the Comox Valley?

Greg Phelps: The city now includes walking/biking trails and pathways as part of development proposals – check out some of the new development in the Arden area.  As development comes on line, it is our goal to have a connected corridor of trails to move people from cars to other forms of transportation (walking/cycling).  Council also recently endorsed a proposal to “consider” a pedestrian bridge across the Courtenay River.  Why wouldn’t we consider it?  If we can move people into transit or onto pathways, we can perhaps delay a third crossing for many more years!  And while some squawk over the cost of transit and how it is subsidized, they seem to forget that roads and bridges are also subsidized!  Growth in the city has been approximately 3% per year for the past few years – however car traffic is increasing by over 9% per year.  This is not sustainable!

Larry Jangula: It will all begin with a new strategy as stated above in Question #1 but limiting the question to walking and cycling routes is,  I believe, short-sighted in our rural context and we could do more.  It must be recognized that we act as a regional centre and that our  demographics reflect an aging population.  Walking and cycling may not be available to a large segment of our community due to distance and age.   The public transportation model should be changed perhaps using smaller vehicles and utilizing biofuels or electric energy.  Express routes from central locations to central locations could be developed.  Commercial and industrial developments could be encouraged or forced to provide electrical charging stations in locations located closest to building sites.  Lower speed limits could be established in neighbourhoods to encourage the operation of dual purpose vehicles (street legal golf carts etc.)
The different commercial centres (Costco/proposed Thrifty’s, Wal-Mart, Driftwood and the Downtown Business Centre) could jointly fund direct shuttles between sites.  Any, or all, of these suggestions could be effective in lowering the use of automobiles.

Bill Bate: The effectiveness of our transit system network has to be reviewed on an ongoing basis, along with greater enhancement of the existing walking and cycling routes. As we undertake to make our community better networked for those purposes, more opportunities for generating ideas and overcoming the obstacles to implementation must be made available through direct input of the citizens.

Stuart MacInnes: Until last December I hadn’t owned a vehicle in 12 years. So I know very well the benefits of cycling as a means of transport, I also know how difficult and sometime hazardous it can be to be cycling in the city. I think that there are a number of ways we can develop means for people to cycle more safely in Courtenay. Although biking lanes are an option they can be expensive to build or implement. Signage could be a method both on roadways and at intersections. I think that there could be a number of “walking paths” created in Courtenay. They would have to be planned carefully and designed for the safety of the users. (ie. Well lit, and adequate signage at cross streets) I would also want to seek public input of where the public would like to see these paths created.

Doug Kerr: I have already said in my platform that I believe we need to move away from the oceans of asphalt into a more community friendly city design.

 Jon Ambler: I always voted in favour of creating bicycling infrastructure (paths, signs, racks etc) and I support the idea of the pedestrian/cycle bridge. City Staff have not yet finished their review of that idea, and I await their expert advice, but this sort of thing is what we need to make walking and cycling convenient, and therefore, a preferred option.

 Norm Reynolds: answered above.

David Smith: Bike to work programs, encourage the use of the already existing bike paths and continue to build new and expanded routes. I bought a bike recently for this purpose.

John Van Egmond: I will consider all ideas including care free Sundays and the proposed bike bridge. 

Bill Anglin: The city is already trying to institute policies that will enhance the use of space in the city. With densities increasing due to zoning changes and the move to multi use developments the city will look to provide options for those that wish to make the use of automobiles unnecessary. There has been a lot of work undertaken already to enhance the mixed use paths in our city, as time progresses we can look forward to finding opportunities to link our existing networks. Supporting initiatives that educate and expose our citizens to the choices they have in transportation in the city.

Doug Hillian: We must continue to require that new developments incorporate walking and cycling routes, while working in partnership with local groups to build paths in older sections of town (eg. Rotary Rails with Trails project) and seeking funding from senior governments for alternative transportation infrastructure with the overall goal of developing a continuous network. We must also work with the Cycling Task Force with the goal “to improve cycling access in the Comox Valley, both recreationally and for commuting, and to improve safe travel for all members of the public and safe access to regional bikeways” (City website). I would support innovative projects like the proposed pedestrian bridge, subject to economic feasibility. I also support building public awareness and engagement through initiatives like Car Free Sunday (for which I volunteered) and the visit of international expert Gil Penalosa, who left us with practical ideas and inspiration.

Mark Middleton: Cycling and walking need to be made safer and easier before a significant number of people will abandon their vehicles. Better public transit routes such as the comox express recently announced will help too. I will work with the various groups such as Rotary and CVCC to ensure that more paths and trails are built.

Ronna-Rae Leonard: I worked to create the Comox Valley Cycling Task Force to bring cycling into the equation for addressing our transportation needs. I also recognized the need to entrench public consultation into our process of planning and development, so that cycling interests would be considered and incorporated early on. That’s why the Valley now has a Cycling Public Advisory Committee.

I support smart growth principles, which means supporting a well-planned city that reduces the need for people to get in their cars in the first place.

All the studies I’ve read say that people have to feel safe before they will become regular cyclists, so I support creating safe off-road experiences as well as making our streets safe to share with all users.

 The recent changes for public accounting require municipalities to value their tangible assets. As of 2010, the audited financial statements indicate tangible assets at nearly $106.8 million. Taking out the land values, our infrastructure is valued at $86.2 million. Municipalities across the nation have recognized the need for more investment in infrastructure renewal and have continued to lobby through the Federation of Canadian Municipalities to gain a fair share of federal tax dollars.

The forward looking resolution is to create new development with more affordable infrastructure -which means densification and redevelopment within urban cores. But as I stated in the previous question, it has to be well-planned. As with any change, doing it right means gaining community acceptance for a new look and feel to the neighbourhood – someplace we are all proud to call home.

It is a requirement for local governments to incorporate the vision and commitments of the Regional Growth Strategy into the OCP. As with the city’s work to become carbon neutral, I support a biannual report with measurements of our progress toward our goals. The city is also creating a culture of change with the the internal “green team”, where every department can focus on reducing greenhouse gases.

Addressing the targets of a vast array of endeavours: food security, affordable housing, etc. will require a community effort. The city now has two new young professionals in place to provide the expertise we need to be effective in monitoring our progress and we will be implementing an inclusive sustainability committee to start the work of implementing the Sustainability Strategy.

I have always supported watershed plans as a first step in land use planning. Nature without Borders is an important document to consider land use planning in a more holistic way, without being constrained by jurisdictional boundaries.

Marcus  Felgenhauer: One of the challenges facing the CV today is the geographic separation of the ‘big box’ stores – Walmart et al at South Courtenay with Home Depot et al at the top of Ryan Rd.  Another area is pedestrian safety & convenience – ie: Cliffe Ave.

Continue integrating ‘pedestrian only’ routes between neighbourhoods as part of development.

Partnering of residential and commercial development.

Densification

Work with all levels of government to enhance and encourage alternative modes of transportations.

 IV. UNFUNDED INFRASTRUCTURE LIABILITY

Why it matters: The long term costs of maintaining, upgrading and replacing existing infra-structure (lifecycle costs) such as sewer and water lines, landfill sites, roads and bridges in the Comox Valley are estimated to be in the hundreds of millions of dollars. Low density land use patterns and “curb and gutter” infrastructure choices increase costs and damage watershed health.

What are the facts: The initial cost of infrastructure is only about 20% of the lifecycle cost; the other 80% represents a future unfunded liability that falls to the taxpayer. Infrastructure liability can be reduced and watershed health maintained during development by utilizing green infrastructure, higher densities, and by directing new development to infill areas, where existing infrastructure already exists.

Question of Candidates: What is the total cost of unfunded infrastructure liability in your jurisdiction and how will you address this problem? 

Greg Phelps: That is a bit of a tough question to answer but roughly 100 million plus; but then you also have to factor in depreciation.  Council is well aware of the state of our local infrastructure and is setting aside reserves to help maintain our core services.  Bottom line – densification (growing smart) will ultimately help keep costs down.

Larry Jangula: The entire costs including the initial 20% falls to the taxpayers to pay.  The future requirements of infrastructure investment have not been fully debated in our community and I welcome real dialogue on this subject.

Bill Bate: My understanding is that it is 100 million +. More urban sprawl and out-of-sequence development will add to that number when we should be looking to diminish its impact whenever possible. We have to make ourselves more of a model community for sustainability so that new investment dollars can be put to work to address that which is unfunded.

Doug Kerr: No idea yet I guess I should find out , sorry.

Stuart MacInnes: No Response given.

 Jon Ambler: I can’t imagine how other candidates will answer this question, but here goes my response. The issue of a future “bow wave” of unfunded infrastructure renewal costs is well known. The City of Courtenay has approx. $110 million in infrastructure, and the plans and processes to maintain, repair and renew it are in place. The City staff know the numbers well, and it is their key professional advice that will guide Council.

Norm Reynolds: For one thing we must stop incurring this 80% unfunded infrastructure though inadequate costing and design of current development. We cannot continue to load our children’s future with unfunded liability today. To me this includes the environmental consequences(costs) of global warming. We need to look at development like infill that will utilize in-place infrastructure and help fund the upgrading of current systems.

David Smith: I do not know this information

John Van Egmond: This is a major concern for all municipalities, during a time of record tax revenue we continue to incur debt and our water, policing, road and other infrastructures are in desperate need of renewal, replacement or repair. Despite requests I have been unable to get the cost of this liability from city hall. Including the new police station, water system overhaul, & the deep water intake, it will be a significant amount. Like eating an elephant we need to dig in, and address these issues including securing matching funds from the other levels of government.

 Bill Anglin: The current plan utilizing the directives of the RGS will go a long way to mitigating future infrastructure deficits. Having attended some of the CAVI sessions the benefits of a collaborative approach become glaringly apparent. Working together developers, city staff and environmentalists attain a synergy by sharing best practices and developing a dialogue to meet the goal which we all share, maintaining the Valley as place we want to live, work and play. Higher density construction along with ISMP controls should go a long way towards reducing our future deficit. We will however need to be vigilant in providing the funds to prepare for the eventual replacement of our aging infrastructure.

Doug Hillian: I accept the premise that this represents a liability of hundreds of millions of dollars that local taxpayers will eventually have to pay, and that we must reduce this liability through infill development and densification that takes advantage of existing infrastructure. The City is taking significant steps in that direction but we can do more. For example, I propose that we look at incentives to encourage mixed use development on the vacant lots in our downtown core, with businesses at street level and residences above. This would support our downtown merchants, increase our tax base, reduce policing costs and provide new accommodation that is not car-dependent, all while helping address our unfunded infrastructure liability.

Mark Middleton: I’ve been told that it’s in the 150 million range and if I understand things correctly, the only way to stop that number from increasing is to reduce the amount of infrastructure that is built in the future. That would mean in fill developing and the things that I mentioned in question 1

Ronna-Rae Leonard: The recent changes for public accounting require municipalities to value their tangible assets. As of 2010, the audited financial statements indicate tangible assets at nearly $106.8 million. Taking out the land values, our infrastructure is valued at $86.2 million. Municipalities across the nation have recognized the need for more investment in infrastructure renewal and have continued to lobby through the Federation of Canadian Municipalities to gain a fair share of federal tax dollars.

The forward looking resolution is to create new development with more affordable infrastructure -which means densification and redevelopment within urban cores. But as I stated in the previous question, it has to be well-planned. As with any change, doing it right means gaining community acceptance for a new look and feel to the neighbourhood – someplace we are all proud to call home.

Marcus Felgenhauer: Being new to municipal politics I don’t know the answer to the first part of this question. By reviewing the current budgets of both Courtenay and the Regional District for efficiency we can hopefully redirect funds to make up existing liabilities.

Education & the promotion of ‘greener’ alternatives. Partnerships with local community groups and both Provincial & Federal governments

 V. MONITORING/ACCOUNTABILITY

Why it matters: The best strategies and plans are only effective if properly implemented. Monitoring of the progress made toward reaching targets and goals set out in the Regional Growth Strategy, the Sustainability Strategy and Nature Without Borders, will lead to better transparency and increased accountability.

What are the facts: Despite the excellent directives offered in these various plans and strategies, developments continue to be proposed and approved that do not follow these documents. Little of no monitoring of the implementation of these plans and strategies is done to ensure that targets and goals are achieved.

Question of Candidates: What will you do to ensure the Regional Growth Strategy and Sustainability Strategy have effective monitoring in place to measure how well they are implemented?

Greg Phelps: Every motion or recommendation brought before council now has a comment section to consider any implications in these areas.  As well, our Green Team will present an annual report for council which will monitor our compliance. That report, along with the reports from Comox, Cumberland and the rural areas, will then form the basis for our regional report card.

Larry Jangula: Once the OCP has been reviewed and priorities set, then a systematic and consistent monitoring plan can be established based on the targets and goals that have been set.

Bill Bate: The City has a Green Team that report annually as to the City’s status relative to its objectives with respect to the Regional Growth and Sustainability Strategies. Effective monitoring requires that we emphasize “getting it right the first time” instead of being compelled to “right the wrongs” after they’ve been done. Concerns and priorities shift too much over the course of a year requiring more effective reporting so we are responding to potential alarms before they go off, instead of attempting to revive the proverbial canary in a coalmine after its demise.

Doug Kerr: I would have to see what is in place now and how it could be improved upon.

Stuart MacInnes: I think that oversight needs to be maintained on any growth strategy. I think that a committee with members of the public, the municipal government, the regional board should have oversight over these strategies and how they’re implemented, and that this committee is able to approach council with any concerns, or suggestions as to how these strategies are being implemented.  I believe that growth in our community is inevitable but that this growth can be controlled so that we don’t lose that which makes our community special.

Jon Ambler: I worked on creating the RGS, I voted for the RGS, I believe in it. The RGS is now an official foundation document that will guide planning staff and council in their land use decisions. When planning staff make a recommendation it will have to show how it is congruent with the RGS. It’s that simple.

Norm Reynolds: we need to commit staff time to this like we would to any other planning and bylaw enforcement we have. In addition we can learn from others in Whistler-styled use of as Citizens’ Sustainability Council –like our design committees that look at vet development and bylaw design for adherence to community standards but extend the mandate to sustainability standards.

David Smith: Well firstly a single person can not make those decisions.  I will work with interested parties and council to ensure that sensitive areas are protected.

John Van Egmond: Both of these strategies and consideration for other elements must be reviewed in relation to all building and developments presented to council for approval.

Bill Anglin: By law the RGS will be reflected in the OCP and will highlight the need to have accountability in the development process. The monitoring of compliance would then be within the scope of the current metrics the city uses to ensure compliance with applicable legislation.

Doug Hillian: The RGS has a provision whereby, within the first year of implementation, a monitoring & evaluation process is to be be developed, with municipal governments involved in determining how that process will occur. There is also provision for a 5 year review.  I will work to ensure there is public engagement in that monitoring process, as appears to be mandated by the Sustainability Strategy.

Mark Middleton: I honestly don’t know how to answer this one. I think we should use these strategies as terms of reference but intimately we as individuals need to monitor ourselves and those that fail will be held accountable on voting day.

Ronna-Rae Leonard: It is a requirement for local governments to incorporate the vision and commitments of the Regional Growth Strategy into the OCP. As with the city’s work to become carbon neutral, I support a biannual report with measurements of our progress toward our goals. The city is also creating a culture of change with the the internal “green team”, where every department can focus on reducing greenhouse gases.

Addressing the targets of a vast array of endeavours: food security, affordable housing, etc. will require a community effort. The city now has two new young professionals in place to provide the expertise we need to be effective in monitoring our progress and we will be implementing an inclusive sustainability committee to start the work of implementing the Sustainability Strategy.

Marcus Felgenhauer: Set tangible and quantifiable goals that the entire community is aware of and works to achieve, such as:

-  # of tons of garbage taken to Pigeon Lake Landfill by Area

-  # of gallons of water consumed per capita by Area

-  # of riders using transit

-  # of participants at local eco-friendly events – Car-free Sunday

-  # eco-friendly improvements made each year – ex: bike lanes, pedestrianpathways, green spaces/parks

VI. CONSERVING NATURAL SYSTEMS

Why it matters: Natural systems underlie and support our communities and their economic and social functioning. They are responsible for a wide variety of services including the provision of clean water and air, pollination of food crops, absorption and decomposition of waste, and maintenance of healthy ecosystems.

What are the facts: Local watersheds and marine ecosystems are under increasing stress due to alteration of natural systems through development, expanding human population, loss of habitat and sensitive ecological areas, and climate change.

Question of Candidates: How will you work to ensure that local government land use decisions are based on an understanding of the value of natural systems and how they can be protected?

Greg Phelps: The city has been ahead of the curve in this regard – being the first to implement a water balance model for development with the goal being to put the water back in to the ground instead of straight into culverts.  Development proposals must now identify how they will address/avoid sensitive areas.  The Official Community Plan also address this subject with new mapping for natural water courses – this means developers must submit appropriate technical reviews for all development proposals (rezoning and building permits too).   Are we perfect – No, but we have come a long way in three short years!  

Larry Jangula: Follow through on what comes out of the review of the OCP, as suggested in the response to the first question. As earlier stated, the total process requires a regional  approach rather than just a local effort in terms of our OCP and zoning  by-laws.  If successful in my efforts to become Courtenay’s Mayor I am willing to initiate the process on a local level and extend it to the Comox Valley as a whole.  The qualifier here is that all parties have to be willing stakeholders in the process.  The largest stakeholder will always  be the taxpayer as a whole, and their response to a review of the overall OCP  will be the determining factor in this endeavour.

Bill Bate: We have to undertake to be a model community where our practices and values are founded on the need to protect and grow our assets but also that the liabilities that we incurr are manageable. Our natural assets continue to be the most vulnerable; each and every land use decision must be made with the utmost consideration for preservation of what we’ve already got and its sustainability.

Doug Kerr: It will depend on the issues that surface. Sustainability and conservation need to be in a front line position. I would only be able to judge what the appropriate action is on an issue by issue basis.

Stuart MacInnes: Again I think input is key. Not only input from the public, but input from people that work with these natural systems and understand them.  And professionals who can give input on these natural systems, and give input on how our land use ideas will impact these natural systems.

I think that too often the value of our natural areas take a back burner to the monetary value that can be exploited at the expense of these systems.  I think that council needs to be made up of a number of different type of residents to be able to work most effectively.  I think a council made up of business owners, land owners, renters, long term professionals and “blue collar” workers…etc. can give diversity to the ideas brought forth in the decision make process and that with a number of different voices in the council chamber more things can get done.  I want to be one of those different voices.

Jon Ambler: A combination of resources will shape land-use decisions (RGS, existing law etc etc), However, Courtenay must develop within its own borders and decisions will have to be made. For example, in order to build within City limits, thereby avoiding sprawl and following the RGS, sometimes trees have to be cut and watercourses built near. That said, the laws protecting such things a riparian setbacks etc already shape our decisions, and will continue to do so.

Norm Reynolds: My studies (UVic 1988) were in General Systems Theory and its application to ecological systems, I am very aware of the value of natural systems and I look forward to working to create staff and citizens’ awareness of the need (value) of protecting natural systems. I also want to see our valley develop a community theme like Sustainable Comox Valley so that our very identity is part of our understanding and protection of the natural world.

David Smith: Again not a one man show.  However the council should have a conscience when dealing with sensitive areas when land use is being considered.

John Van Egmond: My voice and my vote are the tools I will use to stand up for what is right for the future of our community.

Bill Anglin: I’ll work collaboratively with all stakeholders to achieve the best mix of sustainable development that enhances the desirability of living here in the Comox Valley. I honestly believe that local governments do understand the value of natural systems and the need to be proactive in maintaining them. As always it is a balancing act, but education and awareness have matured to the point that no one enters these deliberations without looking to the bigger picture!

Doug Hillian: This week, Comox Valley Project watershed presented Council with the Courtenay River Estuary – Keeping it Living Award in recognition of the City’s efforts to protect and restore the estuary. The presentation acknowledged the City’s initiative in hiring a climate change specialist and an environmental planner. Significant as these initiatives are, we must continue to work in collaboration with citizen groups like Project Watershed and the Comox Valley Conservation Strategy to ensure that our natural systems of land, air, water and plant and animal species are understood and protected in our decision making.

Mark Middleton: Because I’m nowhere near an expert in this area, I’ll have to rely on the reports and information that come from the environmental experts. That being said, I’ve publically stated that preserving our environment is one of my top priorities.

Ronna-Rae Leonard: I have always supported watershed plans as a first step in land use planning. Nature without Borders is an important document to consider land use planning in a more holistic way, without being constrained by jurisdictional boundaries.

The city has tools like the Tree Protection Bylaw and Water Balance Model. The crucial aspect of protecting biodiversity has been overshadowed in many ways, but the city is proposing more comprehensive environmental development permit guidelines, which begins to recognize natural systems in planning. It’s time to bring natural systems and biodiversity values out of the closet and into the forefront of our planning. It will save us all in the long run!

Marcus Felgenhauer: Listen to groups such as yours that advocate for exactly that. We cannot all be experts in every field however we can educate ourselves by listening openly to persons who are experts. Look at the introduction of ‘full cost’ accounting approach to decision making

Courtenay Candidate providing one answer to all the questions:

Starr Winchester: I am not an expert when it comes to environmental issues.  I do, however, have the greatest respect for the many professionals in our area, including staff at the City of Courtenay.  I have always listened and voted according to recommendations put forth by professionals in this field.

I did not play a part in the Regional Growth Strategy this past three years, and I understand there was compromise offered by all jurisdictions.  What I would like to see is our Valley-wide planning departments combined into One.  Our environment has no boundaries, therefore how can we effectively conserve and plan for the future working in isolation from one another?  If elected, I would be supportive of this initiative as I feel it is vital for the health and well being of our environment in the Comox Valley.

Courtenay Candidate providing a reason for not responding:

Erik Eriksson: Thank you for the opportunity to respond to your questionnaire.  However, I think it would be really pretentious of me to claim I have any wise answers to those questions.  I would have to come to you to find the answers.  If I am elected, I would want to meet with you to find out what I could do to help further the conservation strategy.  I would like to point out that I am a proponent of a single government for the Comox Valley.  I think that would go a long way towards addressing the need for a “REGIONAL and PROACTIVE approach to the protection of natural systems and biodiversity.”  (Slide 7 – “Growth Management”).

Town of Comox

Paul Ives chose to provide one answer, rather than respond to each question individually.  His response can be found after the responses to question 6 for Town of Comox Councillors.

Bernie Poole, Maureen Swift, Dave Proctor, Hugh MacKinnon and Don Davis chose not to respond to the survey request. If they gave a reason for not responding, it is included after question 6.

  I. LAND USE

Why it matters: As land is developed, the natural balance of water flow, drainage, soil type, tree cover and wildlife habitat is altered.  We must minimize the impacts on the ecosystems and their services that support all forms of life in the Valley.

What are the facts: From 1992 to 2002, 42% of the Comox Valley’s rare, sensitive areas were lost, reduced or fragmented. The CV Sustainability Strategy (CVSS), the Regional Growth Strategy (RGS), and the CVCS’s Nature Without Borders all urge change in the way we design our communities: increased densification, preservation of agricultural lands, and protection of sensitive ecosystems are recommended. Though all local governments endorse these plans, most development continues to take place on land in natural areas.

Question of Candidates: What will you do to stop and reverse the continuing loss and fragmentation of natural areas?

Dan Jackson: It is important to ensure these areas are protected. The Federal Migratory Birds Convention Act, the BC Wildlife Act, the Provincial Riparian Areas Regulation, and the Federal Fisheries Act provide a good starting point; however, the Official Community Plan provides more protection when needed.

Ken Grant: We have just completed our new official community plan. Many of the 17 development permit areas are environmental in nature. Staff will be enforcing the plan.

Tom Grant:  The newly adopted Comox OCP addresses this using Development Permit Areas. The Town of Comox has more DP areas that the City of Vancouver, primarily dealing with the environment and wildlife areas.

Patti Fletcher: Designate future development on existing infrastructure, ensure the absolute protection of agricultural lands, create sensitive habitat protection incentives for private land owners, utilize environmental development permit areas to the best of their intent, develop greenway and wildlife corridors and ensure connectivity with neighboring jurisdictions, use green infrastructure, less hard curb and gutter, all to allow for the natural systems to thrive and not compromised.

Marcia Turner:  We have worked with the Nature Trust to protect natural areas and sensitive habitat and they are willing to work with us in the future.

Our new OCP is based on Smart Growth rather than sprawl. This plan contains Environmental Development Permit Areas.  We are conducting a NE Comox drainage study to ensure protection of NE Woods, Lazo Marsh, Hilton Springs and agricultural land. Density bonusing, eco gifting, conservation covenants and green infrastructure as recommended by Convening for Action on Vancouver Island, are all tools we can use to protect natural areas. We must engage in “Systems Thinking”, or considering the ecosystem as a whole.

Barbara Price: Good planning is the key to linking and protecting natural areas. Lack of data and lack of understanding of landscape and systems often results in loss of natural areas. As we continue to develop more green sites, we need to work with the land rather than treating it as a blank slate. We get the best and most liveable developments, when the natural environment is respected. We need to explore tax incentives for land protection. Nova Scotia gives 100% tax relief and the province pays it back.  Conservation covenants are another tool. With good long term planning we can develop interconnected trail networks when land comes up for development and redevelopment.

Russ Arnott:  One way would be to ensure proper zoning and lot size exist (such as the OCP dealing with Pt. Holmes).  

II. CLIMATE CHANGE

Why it matters: Climate change is resulting in rapid melting ice caps and glaciers, rising sea levels, more severe weather events, floods, droughts, and is altering life cycles of many species of terrestrial and marine wildlife.

What are the facts: The Comox Valley Sustainability Strategy set a clear goal of 33% reduction in 2007 GHG emissions by 2020, as mandated by the BC government, and an 80% reduction by 2050. The majority (55%) of GHG emissions in the Valley are caused by transportation. However, we continue to approve new developments that do not increase housing densities to levels that would support higher public transportation usage and few measures to reduce GHG emissions have been implemented.

Question of Candidates: What will you do to reduce GHG emissions and meet these targets?

Dan Jackson: The Official Community Plan states that one of the most significant factors is “making appropriate land use planning choices.” It goes on to state “most significant reduction occurs in transportation, as accessibility to public transit and use increase significantly.” Therefore, we need to encourage residents to use public transit. Increased ridership takes place when we are able to provide good value and regular service.

Ken Grant: Comox signed on to the climate action charter. We also just completed two significant bike lanes. I am working with the downtown business assoc. to develop a 20 year vision for main street which will include more density and will result in less car traffic.

Tom Grant:  In our newly adopted OCP, the Town of Comox has stressed and concentrated on in fill development on or near public transportations.

Patti Fletcher: Promote improved transit service through scheduling with sites of high employment  (ie St Joseph’s/CFB Comox), add a more frequent service and extended evening hours.  Develop a Town policy for electric car charging stations in new development and in public parking areas  and a policy to transform the Town’s fleet to Super Low Emissions and or electric. Support initiatives such as Bike to Work Week, Car Free Sunday and build the infrastructure to support alternate modes of transportation. Promote a green building first policy for town buildings and provide incentives for private green developments.

Marcia Turner:  Transit oriented development is part of our new Official Community Plan, and we are actively pursuing increased public transportation options.  Grant funds have made possible cycling infrastructure development, and the mandate for the Cycling Task Force has been extended.  The task force would like the Comox Valley to be part of a MOT pilot project which will help improve connectivity between jurisdictions.  Our work plan for next year includes additional pathway development.  When redevelopment takes place along our waterfront, we require the developer to construct a walkway along the property. Our Rec Centre is heated and cooled with geothermal energy.

Smart Growth rather than sprawl will help reduce emissions.

Barbara Price: A two edge planning strategy is needed which looks at reducing emissions whilst creating more opportunities to absorb green house gasses (GHG). Reducing gas fuelled automobile usage is essential for the reduction of emissions. We also need to explore green building incentives, green energy and continue to reduce garbage landfill. Trees are an amazing resource for GHG absorption. Planting eel grass in our harbour and estuary is a great GHG absorber as well as enhancing the marine environment.

Russ Arnott:  Comox has banned further drive-thrus.  We are trying to increase pathways and connect existing ones. I personally ride my bike and walk as much as I can.

 I. LAND USE

Why it matters: A low density sprawl pattern of land use that separates residential areas from commercial and business areas, along with limited public transit requires most Valley residents to rely on their cars to get around. Increased automobile use increases pollution, vehicle congestion and expensive road infrastructure costs.

What are the facts: Transportation causes 55% of GHG emissions in the Comox Valley. Many cyclists do not feel safe commuting around the Comox Valley due to a lack of safe bicycle routes. Many BC communities today are developing systems of walking and cycling routes. However, in the Comox Valley, few if any, examples of pedestrian and cycling friendly developments exist.

Question of Candidates: What will you do to reduce automobile use and develop a system of walking and cycling routes in the Comox Valley?

Dan Jackson: While campaigning in many neighbourhoods this past month, I have realized that many residents are lacking sidewalks that provide safe routes for youth, adults and seniors alike. We need to focus on these especially as we have created 4500 meters of bike lanes over the past three years.

Ken Grant: Part of my platform is to make comox the most walkable community on Vancouver Island. I was able to start this at last budget with gas tax money being used for trail ways and sidewalk alignment.

Tom Grant: I want to focus attention on the connectivity of sidewalks and walking trails in the Town Of Comox, to make it safer and more pedestrian friendly for our Seniors and Citizens.

Patti Fletcher: Improve public transit service, build safe bicycling infrastructure, develop sidewalks, and trails that ensure the short cuts are considered by gaining necessary right of ways. Make policy that has new developments require less parking and more alternative transport pieces, ie bicycle facilities, car charging, small car/scooter parking spaces. Make a pedestrian first policy and promote a compact complete community that utilizes densification concepts.

Marcia Turner:  Continuing to provide our citizens with alternative transportation options as outlined in question #2, and ensuring connectivity will allow citizens the opportunity to reduce emissions.

Barbara Price: For an efficient, cost-effective and useable transit system, we need compact communities. Bus timetables must also meet people’s needs. By partnering with the business community, we can promote the sale of employee transit passes and other incentives to encourage walking, riding and taking the bus. Good planning requires close attention to linkages so that cyclists and walkers can take the shortest, cut-through routes rather than wending their way through a maze of residential roads.  We need projects planned and ready for when grants become available.

Russ Arnott:   see above

IV. UNFUNDED INFRASTRUCTURE LIABILITY 

Why it matters: The long term costs of maintaining, upgrading and replacing existing infra-structure (lifecycle costs) such as sewer and water lines, landfill sites, roads and bridges in the Comox Valley are estimated to be in the hundreds of millions of dollars. Low density land use patterns and “curb and gutter” infrastructure choices increase costs and damage watershed health.

What are the facts: The initial cost of infrastructure is only about 20% of the lifecycle cost; the other 80% represents a future unfunded liability that falls to the taxpayer. Infrastructure liability can be reduced and watershed health maintained during development by utilizing green infrastructure, higher densities, and by directing new development to infill areas, where existing infrastructure already exists.

Question of Candidates: What is the total cost of unfunded infrastructure liability in your jurisdiction and how will you address this problem?

Dan Jackson: Unfortunately, I am not yet current on unfunded infrastructure liability and it would be presumptuous of me to attempt to answer this question at this point in time. However, I guarantee that if I am elected, I will listen, research and make a decision based on what would benefit the inhabitants of our town.

Ken Grant: We do budget for unfunded infrastructure. I was able to introduce life cycle planning for infrastructure in the town.

Tom Grant:  Unfunded liability is a theoretical value, and the financing of infrastructure upgrading is on the plates of all governments, agencies and corporations alike. I will and have always worked to ensure the capital budgeting is continuing to support infrastructure improvements in order to keep our Town vibrant and solvent.

 Patti Fletcher: If we are to assess our liability for the coming year I would estimate it to be 4 million, but if we look out 20 years it could be a possible 40 million. The bottom line is that the more infrastructure you incur, the more liability you incur. Developers may in fact build the subdivision and be responsible for the build of sewers, pipes, roads, sidewalks, but then it is given over to the town to maintain and replace, this is known as “the gift that keeps on taking”. We must grow with caution and care, build on existing infrastructure, use green concepts such as swales; use density bonusing concepts and density infill must be a priority. 

Marcia Turner:  If we implement all of the recommendations in our Transportation study over the next 20 years the costs could be over 40 million. Our treasurer has recommended that a good starting point would be to allocate 2 million per year to asset replacement.  We have management plans in place to extend the life of our infrastructure. We have a policy in place that when debt is retired we will make greater reserve fund contributions for future infrastructure replacement. Our sewer reserve fund is in good shape and we have recently upgraded our storm sewers. It is uncertain what the costs will be relating to new water treatment regulations which will be coming forward.  Comox has done well in obtaining grant funding, and we must continue to advocate for greater revenue sharing opportunities with other levels of government, for infrastructure replacement, and concentrate development where services already exist.

Barbara Price: I don’t know if anyone knows. We continue to grow it as we expand water, sewer and road infrastructure. Although the developer pays for the initial infrastructure, the majority of costs are long term and paid by the tax payer as we maintain and eventual renew the system. We need to maximise the use of our existing infrastructure, capitalise on green infrastructure such as wetlands and create a long term financial plan for our unfunded infrastructure liability to keep our taxes stable.

Russ Arnott:  The cost is difficult to pin down; perhaps 2 million.  I hope we can continue to address this through more responsible development.  A long term vision of our infrastructure needs now and later is important to keep in mind.

V. MONITORING/ACCOUNTABILITY

Why it matters: The best strategies and plans are only effective if properly implemented. Monitoring of the progress made toward reaching targets and goals set out in the Regional Growth Strategy, the Sustainability Strategy and Nature Without Borders, will lead to better transparency and increased accountability.

What are the facts: Despite the excellent directives offered in these various plans and strategies, developments continue to be proposed and approved that do not follow these documents. Little of no monitoring of the implementation of these plans and strategies is done to ensure that targets and goals are achieved.

Question of Candidates: What will you do to ensure the Regional Growth Strategy and Sustainability Strategy have effective monitoring in place to measure how well they are implemented?

Dan Jackson: The Regional Growth Strategy clearly states that:

1)      the four local governments will meet and agree on the best form of monitoring

2) preparation of annual reports on implementation and progress toward the goals and objectives of the regional growth strategy;

3) assessment of longer-term trends in conjunction with five year RGS reviews; and,

4) commitment to conducting all reviews and progress reports within a larger, open public process as required in section 855 of the Local Government Act.

Ken Grant: We have instructed our staff to implement both of these studies.

Tom Grant:  The RGS is carved in stone and has built in mechanisms in place to ensure its adherence. I have concerns about the applicability of parts of the CV Sustainability Strategy to real life in Comox. Setting targets for 2050 is a very challenging task, given how far out the dates are.

Patti Fletcher: We must develop a policy that requires all staff reports to address the RGS and the Sustainability Strategy, speaking to the how and why they connect to the issue at hand.

The Comox Valley Regional District must prepare a 3 year Sustainability Review policy with a staff perspective, a political view and public input to assess the short term pieces and ensure that we all remain on target and committed.

Provisions are in the RGS to establish an on-going monitoring and evaluation framework to annually review how well the bylaw is meeting the needs of the Comox Valley, and this must be adhered to by the CVRD leadership.

Marcia Turner:  Implementation agreements regarding the Regional Growth strategy have not yet been completed, and we must follow through with this.

Considering these strategies in all of our decisions will ensure that these strategies are implemented.

Barbara Price: In conjunction with the Regional District, we need to establish a monitoring and evaluation program that will monitor, evaluate and periodically report on local economic, social and environmental trends and what progress has been made towards achievement of the Regional Growth Strategy and Sustainability Strategy targets and vision.

Russ Arnott:  ensure a partnership of monitoring with other jurisdictions. I feel transparency and accountability are very important to ensure proper implementation.

VI. CONSERVING NATURAL SYSTEMS

Why it matters: Natural systems underlie and support our communities and their economic and social functioning. They are responsible for a wide variety of services including the provision of clean water and air, pollination of food crops, absorption and decomposition of waste, and maintenance of healthy ecosystems.

What are the facts: Local watersheds and marine ecosystems are under increasing stress due to alteration of natural systems through development, expanding human population, loss of habitat and sensitive ecological areas, and climate change.

Question of Candidates: How will you work to ensure that local government land use decisions are based on an understanding of the value of natural systems and how they can be protected?

Dan Jackson: When needed, I will refer to the Federal Migratory Birds Convention Act, the BC Wildlife Act, the Provincial Riparian Areas Regulation, and the Federal Fisheries Act and of course the Official Community Plan.

Ken Grant: We have just completed our new official community plan, which included many environmental development permit areas. These will help protect natural systems In Comox.

Tom Grant:  I will refer to our OCP.

Patti Fletcher: Set policy that utilizes and requires reference to the documents such as the Sustainability Plan and Nature Without Borders in all decisions.

Provide environmental education for the public, politicians and staff, so that we all can hear and understand the values of protecting natural habitat and systems. Support the initiatives and needs of the Comox Valley Conservation Strategy Community Partnership. If we all work together we can better protect and support the natural systems of the Comox Valley that we enjoy and need.

Marcia Turner:  Thinking of the ecosystem as a whole is required.  The drainage study that is being undertaken for NE Comox to ensure that post development flows remain the same as pre development flows is one example of how to protect natural systems.  Smart Growth and green infrastructure will help us meet these goals.

Barbara Price: We need to work with the community to develop an understanding of the social, environmental and economic value of making land use decisions based on natural systems. The more that we understand on all levels, including money-wise that a vibrant, cost effective future, depends on this, the easier it will be to introduce more policies and guide lines.

Russ Arnott:  Working with the experts.  This community is blessed with passionate individuals and groups; I think we need to ensure effective consultation before important decisions are made by the local governments.

Comox Candidates providing one answer to all the questions:

Paul Ives:  Thanks for your email. Please refer to my campaign website which outlines my platform in general terms as follows www.paulivesformayor.com. On specific questions, my voting in support of Town of Comox’s Official Community Plan and the CVRD’s Regional Growth Strategy is reflective of my commitment to growth in an environmentally, fiscally & socially responsible manner. I don’t agree with your premise in the first question that there has been ‘continued degradation’ of sensitive habitat in Town of Comox. I believe that we have made great strides in terms of acquiring and preserving a number of parcels including NE Woods, Lazo Marsh, and Stubbs/Bay property. I also would submit that our new cycling lanes, sidewalks and bus shelters have added to our sustainable infrastructure, which is consistent with OCP and RGS. I am aware of ‘unfunded infrastructure liability’ concerns, particularly as Town staff have been actively involved with the CAVI discussions. So, bottom line is that we have a new OCP which adopts a regional context statement approved by the CVRD, and that we have committed a significant amount of capital spending to sustainable infrastructure.

Comox Candidate providing a reason for not responding:

Maureen Swift: My platform is that I will be thoughtful, balanced and fair.  As a newcomer to politics, I have a steep learning curve and will not have had adequate time to give careful consideration to such a broad spectrum of important issues.  Thank you for the opportunity to participate.

Village of Cumberland

Conner Copeman, Scot Easterbrook, Leona Castle and Eric Kozak chose not to respond to the request to complete the questionnaire. We were unable to make email contact with Leslie Baird and Bruce Barnes.

I. LAND USE

Why it matters: As land is developed, the natural balance of water flow, drainage, soil type, tree cover and wildlife habitat is altered.  We must minimize the impacts on the ecosystems and their services that support all forms of life in the Valley.

What are the facts: From 1992 to 2002, 42% of the Comox Valley’s rare, sensitive areas were lost, reduced or fragmented. The CV Sustainability Strategy (CVSS), the Regional Growth Strategy (RGS), and the CVCS’s Nature Without Borders all urge change in the way we design our communities: increased densification, preservation of agricultural lands, and protection of sensitive ecosystems are recommended. Though all local governments endorse these plans, most development continues to take place on land in natural areas.

Question of Candidates: What will you do to stop and reverse the continuing loss and fragmentation of natural areas? 

Roger Kishi: I would work to have the CV Sustainability Strategy and Regional Growth Strategy (even with their inperfections) implemented in Cumberland. I would also promote increased density into the core of Cumberland, thus limiting sprawl and carbon footprint.

Gwyn Sproule: We will include the special areas into our Parks Plan as Greenways. We then find an opportunity to acquire the land when owners come forward to develop.

Todd Riley: All development must be done to mitigate loss of natural areas to the best of abilities.  One thing that needs to be addressed is inclusion of green spaces within developments so that parents don’t need to drive to the park with their children.  Reclamation after land use is up to the land user and the laws in place by the applicable government bodies, generally not municipal areas.

Kate Greening: I will continue to be a voice supporting the environment specially in using the OCP, zoning, covenants.  The landfill in a watershed is of particular concern to me.  The Nature without Borders document needs to be included in the OCP.

II. CLIMATE CHANGE

Why it matters: Climate change is resulting in rapid melting ice caps and glaciers, rising sea levels, more severe weather events, floods, droughts, and is altering life cycles of many species of terrestrial and marine wildlife.

What are the facts: The Comox Valley Sustainability Strategy set a clear goal of 33% reduction in 2007 GHG emissions by 2020, as mandated by the BC government, and an 80% reduction by 2050. The majority (55%) of GHG emissions in the Valley are caused by transportation. However, we continue to approve new developments that do not increase housing densities to levels that would support higher public transportation usage and few measures to reduce GHG emissions have been implemented.

Question of Candidates: What will you do to reduce GHG emissions and meet these targets?

Roger Kishi: I support increased density into core areas, “green” retrofits for public facilities, improvements and expansion of public transit options. We need to promote economic expansion into environment industries and services, instead of environmentally damaging industries like coal mining.

Gwyn Sproule: I will support new housing developments within walking and cycling distance of the Village core. I will encourage denser developments.

Todd Riley: I don’t think the emission targets are neither relative nor obtainable.  Our population at the density that it is not a huge contributor compared to that of other larger areas such as Nanaimo or Vancouver.

Kate Greening: I would work on having recreational facilities close to people and help in the creation of a plan for Cumberland.  Increase density in the downtown core perhaps havve small houses/suites on each lot.

III. TRANSPORTATION

Why it matters: A low density sprawl pattern of land use that separates residential areas from commercial and business areas, along with limited public transit requires most Valley residents to rely on their cars to get around. Increased automobile use increases pollution, vehicle congestion and expensive road infrastructure costs.

What are the facts: Transportation causes 55% of GHG emissions in the Comox Valley. Many cyclists do not feel safe commuting around the Comox Valley due to a lack of safe bicycle routes. Many BC communities today are developing systems of walking and cycling routes. However, in the Comox Valley, few if any, examples of pedestrian and cycling friendly developments exist.

Question of Candidates: What will you do to reduce automobile use and develop a system of walking and cycling routes in the Comox Valley.

Roger Kishi: Improvements and expansion of public transit options, (car- pooling, community busses, parking for “green” cars) and working with the CV Cycling Task Force to improve and expand cycling opportunities. As well as cycling routes, there needs to be improvements to paths/ sidewalks for pedestrians in high traffic areas.

Gwyn Sproule: See above response. I will work with other municipalities in the Comox Valley to develop safe routes for cycling and walking between town centres. Concentrate development close to the city core. Have bike paths connecting different settlements in the Comox VAlley.

Todd Riley: Nothing, you must realize this is not a metropolis, it is a rural area and there is not the tax base to develop a sustainable public transit system that would service the limited population.  It doesn’t work in the lower mainland and we are but a fraction of that population with a huge expanse of land.  It’s not economically feasible.

Kate Greening:  I voted in support of the Comox Valley cycling Task Fore continuing and wish to see walking/cycling paths as a requirement of all development and not just the shoulder of the road.  I would like to see a proper route from Cumberland Road/Hope Road to Cumberland Road and the Parkway at the lights.

 IV. UNFUNDED INFRASTRUCTURE LIABILITY

Why it matters: The long term costs of maintaining, upgrading and replacing existing infra-structure (lifecycle costs) such as sewer and water lines, landfill sites, roads and bridges in the Comox Valley are estimated to be in the hundreds of millions of dollars. Low density land use patterns and “curb and gutter” infrastructure choices increase costs and damage watershed health.

What are the facts: The initial cost of infrastructure is only about 20% of the lifecycle cost; the other 80% represents a future unfunded liability that falls to the taxpayer. Infrastructure liability can be reduced and watershed health maintained during development by utilizing green infrastructure, higher densities, and by directing new development to infill areas, where existing infrastructure already exists.

Question of Candidates: What is the total cost of unfunded infrastructure liability in your jurisdiction and how will you address this problem?

Roger Kishi: For Cumberland it is approx. $42 million, the tangible capital assets for water, sewer and roads. I would continue the recently started practise of contributing to an infrastructure reserve fund, and to an annual replacement program. Proposed regional water & sewer may be an opportunity to upgrade Cumberland’s infrastructure, but many issues, such as governance and funding, would need further negotiation/ discussion.

Gwyn Sproule: Millions of dollars. By including in the annual budget the funds to replace one city block of water and sewage pipes and the new road surface above. We’ll do it gradually a block every year.,

Todd Riley: I am unsure of the total cost of unfunded infrastructure liabilities but it is huge, it is far more than we can cope with, with just a residential tax base. We need to attract business’s with proper paying jobs for our local people so they can afford to stay here, prosper and raise their families.

Kate Greening: Millions.  Try to find new solutions for sewer and to find money.  I believe in our OCP which calls for residential to be in the Historic Village to do infilling which helps to keep the amount of pipes to a smaller number and cheaper to operate/install.

 V. MONITORING/ACCOUNTABILITY

Why it matters: The best strategies and plans are only effective if properly implemented. Monitoring of the progress made toward reaching targets and goals set out in the Regional Growth Strategy, the Sustainability Strategy and Nature Without Borders, will lead to better transparency and increased accountability.

What are the facts: Despite the excellent directives offered in these various plans and strategies, developments continue to be proposed and approved that do not follow these documents. Little of no monitoring of the implementation of these plans and strategies is done to ensure that targets and goals are achieved.

Question of Candidates: What will you do to ensure the Regional Growth Strategy and Sustainability Strategy have effective monitoring in place to measure how well they are implemented?

Roger Kishi: I would work to have the RGS & CVSS fully integrated into Cumberland’s OCP and other Policies, and work to have Council to direct staff to follow. Cumberland is expected to be reviewing/ revising its’ OCP next year. Monitoring processes will need to be developed, and I’d see working with government & community partners.

Gwyn Sproule: We will review our OCP and bring it into line with the RGS and the Sustainability strategy

Todd Riley: That is what we do as councillors and residents, its up to all of us to decide, not just one faction or belief.  We can work together to find sustainable growth and development.

Kate Greening: I would like to look at options of citizen volunteer groups monitoring the RGS and SS.

VI. CONSERVING NATURAL SYSTEMS

Why it matters: Natural systems underlie and support our communities and their economic and social functioning. They are responsible for a wide variety of services including the provision of clean water and air, pollination of food crops, absorption and decomposition of waste, and maintenance of healthy ecosystems.

What are the facts: Local watersheds and marine ecosystems are under increasing stress due to alteration of natural systems through development, expanding human population, loss of habitat and sensitive ecological areas, and climate change.

Question of Candidates: How will you work to ensure that local government land use decisions are based on an understanding of the value of natural systems and how they can be protected?

Roger Kishi: I use the 3 legged stool approach of equal consideration of environmental, societal and economic assessment. My overarching principle would be precautionary. (do no harm)

Gwyn Sproule: I can only work on Cumberland’s land use decisions. It is really clear in

Cumberland that there are lands that are naturally sensitive areas, wetlands, the sources of creeks. These must be protected from development. There are areas to the northwest of Cumberland that are not sensitive to development, they are rocky and on high ground. This is where development should take place.

Todd Riley: I repeat my last answer, there are many voices in all communities and all need to be heard.

Kate Greening: To ask for real environmental impact studies for new development.  The developer would pay for it and the Village would pick who performed the study. To ask the question How does this fit within Nature without Borders,Regional Growth Strategy, Sustainability Strategy and our OCP.

Comox Valley Regional District Electoral Areas

All 3 regional directors were acclaimed: Area A Bruce Jolliffe, Area B Jim Gillis, and Area C Edwin Grieve.  Area A and Area C directors chose to provide a joint response, and submit their answers in paragraph form, which can be found at the end of question 6.  Jim Gillis responded to each question and his answers are provided below.

I. LAND USE

Why it matters: As land is developed, the natural balance of water flow, drainage, soil type, tree cover and wildlife habitat is altered.  We must minimize the impacts on the ecosystems and their services that support all forms of life in the Valley.

What are the facts: From 1992 to 2002, 42% of the Comox Valley’s rare, sensitive areas were lost, reduced or fragmented. The CV Sustainability Strategy (CVSS), the Regional Growth Strategy (RGS), and the CVCS’s Nature Without Borders all urge change in the way we design our communities: increased densification, preservation of agricultural lands, and protection of sensitive ecosystems are recommended. Though all local governments endorse these plans, most development continues to take place on land in natural areas.

Question of Candidates: What will you do to stop and reverse the continuing loss and fragmentation of natural areas?

 Jim Gillis: Support the approved Sustainable Plan, Courtenay River Estuary Management Plan (CREMP), Reinforce Nature without Borders, protect our watershed.

 II. CLIMATE CHANGE

Why it matters: Climate change is resulting in rapid melting ice caps and glaciers, rising sea levels, more severe weather events, floods, droughts, and is altering life cycles of many species of terrestrial and marine wildlife.

What are the facts: The Comox Valley Sustainability Strategy set a clear goal of 33% reduction in 2007 GHG emissions by 2020, as mandated by the BC government, and an 80% reduction by 2050. The majority (55%) of GHG emissions in the Valley are caused by transportation. However, we continue to approve new developments that do not increase housing densities to levels that would support higher public transportation usage and few measures to reduce GHG emissions have been implemented.

Question of Candidates: What will you do to reduce GHG emissions and meet these targets?

Jim Gillis: Encourage/support alternative transportation, cycling, electric vehicles, walking paths. Champion the Blue Carbon Project which should help to bring the estuary back to its original state.

III. TRANSPORTATION

Why it matters: A low density sprawl pattern of land use that separates residential areas from commercial and business areas, along with limited public transit requires most Valley residents to rely on their cars to get around. Increased automobile use increases pollution, vehicle congestion and expensive road infrastructure costs.

What are the facts: Transportation causes 55% of GHG emissions in the Comox Valley. Many cyclists do not feel safe commuting around the Comox Valley due to a lack of safe bicycle routes. Many BC communities today are developing systems of walking and cycling routes. However, in the Comox Valley, few if any, examples of pedestrian and cycling friendly developments exist.

Question of Candidates: What will you do to reduce automobile use and develop a system of walking and cycling routes in the Comox Valley?

 Jim Gillis: As Chair of the CV Cycling Task Force I am a supporter of the covered bridge concept, interconnecting trails for walking/cycles between municipalities, encourage more public transportation.

IV. UNFUNDED INFRASTRUCTURE LIABILITY

Why it matters: The long term costs of maintaining, upgrading and replacing existing infra-structure (lifecycle costs) such as sewer and water lines, landfill sites, roads and bridges in the Comox Valley are estimated to be in the hundreds of millions of dollars. Low density land use patterns and “curb and gutter” infrastructure choices increase costs and damage watershed health.

What are the facts: The initial cost of infrastructure is only about 20% of the lifecycle cost; the other 80% represents a future unfunded liability that falls to the taxpayer. Infrastructure liability can be reduced and watershed health maintained during development by utilizing green infrastructure, higher densities, and by directing new development to infill areas, where existing infrastructure already exists.

Question of Candidates: What is the total cost of unfunded infrastructure liability in your jurisdiction and how will you address this problem?

Jim Gillis: I don’t have the exact figures but I know the potential is in the hundreds of millions of dollars.  It is essential that we encourage and support the use of water meters, look at new ways to disperse storm water by containing it on the property being developed, reduce the use of pipes to carry excess water to the ocean. Move to pervious ashphalt/cement.

 V. MONITORING/ACCOUNTABILITY

Why it matters: The best strategies and plans are only effective if properly implemented. Monitoring of the progress made toward reaching targets and goals set out in the Regional Growth Strategy, the Sustainability Strategy and Nature Without Borders, will lead to better transparency and increased accountability.

What are the facts: Despite the excellent directives offered in these various plans and strategies, developments continue to be proposed and approved that do not follow these documents. Little of no monitoring of the implementation of these plans and strategies is done to ensure that targets and goals are achieved.

Question of Candidates: What will you do to ensure the Regional Growth Strategy and Sustainability Strategy have effective monitoring in place to measure how well they are implemented?

Jim Gillis: We will be creating our Regional OCP to reflect the Regional Growth Strategy.  Ensure that the principal of 90% development in the Town and City is adhered to by referring to the RGS when there is a move to develop land contiguous to the City/town borders.

VI. CONSERVING NATURAL SYSTEMS

Why it matters: Natural systems underlie and support our communities and their economic and social functioning. They are responsible for a wide variety of services including the provision of clean water and air, pollination of food crops, absorption and decomposition of waste, and maintenance of healthy ecosystems.

What are the facts: Local watersheds and marine ecosystems are under increasing stress due to alteration of natural systems through development, expanding human population, loss of habitat and sensitive ecological areas, and climate change.

Question of Candidates: How will you work to ensure that local government land use decisions are based on an understanding of the value of natural systems and how they can be protected?

Jim Gillis: By promoting the Sustainable Plan/RGS and especially Nature Without Borders.

Bruce Jolliffe, Area A and Edwin Grieve, Area C  provided one answer to all the questions:  Rather than give you a fragmented response we have provided a coherent response in keeping with your goals. We believe that the recently passed Regional Growth Strategy with its retention of large lots in the rural areas and densification in the urban and designated settlement areas will help reduce the fragmentation and loss of natural areas. We will be ensuring that funding is provided for the implementation of the RGS so that is effectively monitored.

The recently passed Comox Valley Parks and Greenways Master Plan when implemented will provide additional trails and bikeways which we believe will encourage more walking and cycling in the Valley. We will continue to support the Cycling Task Force. The new Park’s Acquisition Fund for the electoral areas will provide future opportunities for increasing protected natural spaces within the Comox Valley.

We will continue to use the Comox Valley Sustainability Strategy to frame our land use policies and bylaws which we believe will help protect our valuable natural systems and reduce our greenhouse gas emissions.